"From each according to abilities, to each according to needs."
Ideal communism has a long history. It was proposed in Plato's Republic and was adopted by the apostles of Christianity. In its origins, the League of Communists of 1836, in London, founded by Karl Marx, who apostatized from its Christian character, transforming through the Communist Manifesto its ideologies into some materialistic and atheist ones.
The term in its proper sense of "communism" refers to several notions related to each other, but different and even contradictory. The first reference is to an ideology that promotes a social system in which there is no state, social classes, private ownership of the means of production, to achieve an egalitarian society. The second is a political movement, respectively a political party. But the most important is the third, a political regime called "communist" and "socialist", the state existing, being totalitarian under the exclusive leadership of a single party, called "communist", “ Socialist ” or “ working class ”, and the social classes differentiating themselves through unequal access to the usufruct of collective property.
Starting in 1917, Russia accepted the communist regime. Its establishment was due to the Bolshevik Revolution, which produced a regime inspired by Marxism. Lenin managed to overthrow the tsarist regime and transform Russia into the most powerful communist state in Europe. He was the basis for the creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (abbreviated USSR), a state that dominated in the postwar period. When Stalin took power, he created a country where the crime against opponents was the letter of the law.
Communism expanded most in the context of World War II. By the end of the war, the Soviet Union had occupied much of Central, Eastern Europe, and the Balkans. They provided minimal aid to pro-communist leftist regimes. Stalin imposed communism on states like Bulgaria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Poland, Romania. In 1949, after the war against the Japanese occupation and a civil war that ended with communist victories, the China People's Republic was established. Other communist states were established in Cambodia, Cuba, Laos, Vietnam, and North Korea (which has adopted its ideology).
In 1989, the communist states of Eastern Europe collapsed under political pressure during a wave of nonviolent movements that led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Today, communism exists only in China, Cuba, Laos, and Vietnam.
So, in 1989, Europeans called for respect for human rights, the rule of law, and democracy, succeeding in overthrowing the communist regime and forming democratic countries in its place.
Sources:
https://ro.historylapse.org/comunismul
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunism
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urm%C4%83rile_celui_de-al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat_comunist
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+IM-PRESS+20090826STO59792+0+DOC+XML+V0//RO
Editor- Andronic Cesara
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